The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

L.k

Pulmonary emphysema - Lung cysts or bullae

Publications

Stern EJ, Frank MS, Schmutz JF, Glenny RW, Schmidt RA, Godwin JD

Panlobular pulmonary emphysema caused by i.v. injection of methylphenidate (Ritalin): findings on chest radiographs and CT scans.

AJR. American journal of roentgenology 1994 Mar;162;555-60 — 1994 Mar — 555-60

Sherman CB, Hudson LD, Pierson DJ

Severe precocious emphysema in intravenous methylphenidate (Ritalin) abusers.

Chest 1987 Dec;92;1085-7 — 1987 Dec — 1085-7

Schmidt RA, Glenny RW, Godwin JD, Hampson NB, Cantino ME, Reichenbach DD

Panlobular emphysema in young intravenous Ritalin abusers.

The American review of respiratory disease 1991 Mar;143;649-56 — 1991 Mar — 649-56