The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

XLVI.e

Fat/oil embolism - The FES embolism syndrome

Publications

Phan TT, Tran AT, Dinh QM, Trinh TH, Vu VG

Possible ARDS Following Cosmetic Lipolysis: A Case Report Urging Caution in Aesthetic Medicine.

The American journal of case reports 2026 Feb 21;27;e951294 — 2026 Feb 21

Chaghamirzayi P, Ahmadi Nejad M, Azizmanesh M, Maghsoudi MR, Nematollahi S, Karimi Rozveh J

Fat embolism following liposuction: A systematic review of reported cases.

Current problems in surgery 2025 Jul;68 — 2025 Jul — 101750

Ansari Y, Ansari SA, Hussain M, Kazimuddin N, Khan TMA

Fat Pulmonary Embolism With Crazy-Paving Pattern Opacities and Pneumothorax: A Rare Complication of Liposuction.

Cureus 2023 Jun;15;e40607 — 2023 Jun — e40607

Recinos S, Barillas S, Rodas A, Ardebol J

A rare case of fat embolism syndrome secondary to abdominal liposuction and gluteal fat infiltration.

Journal of surgical case reports 2020 Dec;2020;rjaa441 — 2020 Dec — rjaa441

Cantu CA, Pavlisko EN

Liposuction-Induced Fat Embolism Syndrome: A Brief Review and Postmortem Diagnostic Approach.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine 2018 07;142;871-875 — 2018 07 — 871-875

Byeon SW, Ban TH, Rhee CK

A Case of Acute Fulminant Fat Embolism Syndrome after Liposuction Surgery.

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases 2015 Oct;78;423-7 — 2015 Oct — 423-7

Cohen L, Engdahl R, Latrenta G

Hypoxia after abdominal and thigh liposuction: pulmonary embolism or fat embolism?

Eplasty 2014;14;ic19 — 2014 — ic19

Senen D, Atakul D, Erten G, Erdo?an B, Lortlar N

Evaluation of the risk of systemic fat mobilization and fat embolus following liposuction with dry and tumescent technique: an experimental study on rats.

Aesthetic plastic surgery 2009 Sep;33;730-7 — 2009 Sep — 730-7

Wang HD, Zheng JH, Deng CL, Liu QY, Yang SL

Fat embolism syndromes following liposuction.

Aesthetic plastic surgery 2008 Sep;32;731-6 — 2008 Sep — 731-6

Rothmann C, Ruschel N, Streiff R, Pitti R, Bollaert PE

[Fat pulmonary embolism after liposuction].

Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation 2006 Feb;25;189-92 — 2006 Feb — 189-92

Platt MS, Kohler LJ, Ruiz R, Cohle SD, Ravichandran P

Deaths associated with liposuction: case reports and review of the literature.

Journal of forensic sciences 2002 Jan;47;205-7 — 2002 Jan — 205-7

Fourme T, Vieillard-Baron A, Loubières Y, Julié C, Page B, Jardin F

Early fat embolism after liposuction.

Anesthesiology 1998 Sep;89;782-4 — 1998 Sep — 782-4