The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

X.e

Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)

Publications

San Martín C, Collao D, Sepúlveda RA

Hydralazine-Induced ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Case Report with Severe Kidney Involvement.

Revista medica de Chile 2026 May;154 — 2026 May — 728-735

Bhatnagar M, Agaronov A, Sarkisyan E, Sotoudeh Deilamy I, Pepito D, Akhondi H

Overlapping drug-induced vasculitis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and lupus nephritis caused by low-dose hydralazine.

International journal of rheumatic diseases 2023 Jul 14;; — 2023 Jul 14

Khosla AA, Saunders H, Helgeson S, Hikida H, Aslam N, Salem F, Albadri S, Baig H

The Utility of Bronchoscopy in Hydralazine-Induced ANCA-Associated Vasculitis.

Case reports in pulmonology 2023;2023;1461011 — 2023 — 1461011

Russe-Russe JR, Pellegrini JR, Alvarez-Betancourt A, Munshi RF, Anand P

Fulminant Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis After 10 Years of Hydralazine Use.

Cureus 2021 Oct;13;e18974 — 2021 Oct — e18974

Al-Abdouh A, Siyal AM, Seid H, Bekele A, Garcia P

Hydralazine-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with pulmonary-renal syndrome: a case report.

Journal of medical case reports 2020 Apr 15;14;47 — 2020 Apr 15 — 47

Timlin H, Wu M, Crespo-Bosque M, Geetha D, Ingolia A, Haque U, Towns MC, Grader-Beck T

Clinical Characteristics of Hydralazine-induced Lupus.

Cureus 2019 Jun 25;11;e4996 — 2019 Jun 25 — e4996

Baradhi KM

An intriguing case of anemia and renal failure.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) 2019 Jan;32;78-79 — 2019 Jan — 78-79

Paley MA, Edrees F, Kudose S, Gaut JP, Ranganathan P, Vijayan A

Successful use of rituximab for hydralazine-induced anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis.

Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia 2019 Jan-Feb;30;226-230 — 2019 Jan-Feb — 226-230

Yokogawa N, Vivino FB

Hydralazine-induced autoimmune disease: comparison to idiopathic lupus and ANCA-positive vasculitis.

Modern rheumatology 2009;19;338-47 — 2009 — 338-47

BEELAR VP

Rheumatoid arthritis-like syndrome during apresoline therapy: report of a case.

The Medical annals of the District of Columbia 1953 Dec;22;651-2 — 1953 Dec — 651-2