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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

II.b

ARDS - Acute lung injury

Lung transplantation has been attempted successfully in a few cases (PMID 3887042, 9311725, 9797765)

Publications

Solomon A, Omachi PA, Eze EC, Ahmed G, Ojewole OE, Oyeleye AE, Abdullahi U, Mammud A, Abdullahi H, Idris ZF, Idris U, Abubakar U

Fatal pediatric paraquat poisoning following scalp application for head lice treatment: Public health implications for pesticide regulation and emergency care - A case series.

Toxicology reports. 2026;16:102272

Jha M, Gaur N

Paraquat poisoning with spontaneous pneumothorax in the era of online shopping.

Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2022;11(1):357-359

Ntshalintshali SD, Manzini TC

Paraquat poisoning: Acute lung injury - a missed diagnosis.

South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde. 2017;107(5):399-401

Kanchan T, Bakkannavar SM, Acharya PR

Paraquat Poisoning: Analysis of an Uncommon Cause of Fatal Poisoning from Manipal, South India.

Toxicology international. 2015;22(1):30-4

Weng CH, Hu CC, Lin JL, Lin-Tan DT, Hsu CW, Yen TH

Predictors of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with paraquat intoxication.

PloS one. 2013;8(12):e82695

Zhang H, Liu P, Qiao P, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Xing X, Li G

CT imaging as a prognostic indicator for patients with pulmonary injury from acute paraquat poisoning.

The British journal of radiology. 2013;86(1026):20130035

Hsieh YW, Lin JL, Lee SY, Weng CH, Yang HY, Liu SH, Wang IK, Liang CC, Chang CT, Yen TH

Paraquat poisoning in pediatric patients.

Pediatric emergency care. 2013;29(4):487-91

Kim YT, Jou SS, Lee HS, Gil HW, Yang JO, Lee EY, Hong SY

The area of ground glass opacities of the lungs as a predictive factor in acute paraquat intoxication.

Journal of Korean medical science. 2009;24(4):636-40

Huh JW, Hong SB, Lim CM, Do KH, Lee JS, Koh Y

Sequential radiologic and functional pulmonary changes in patients with paraquat intoxication.

International journal of occupational and environmental health. 2006;12(3):203-8

Walder B, Bründler MA, Spiliopoulos A, Romand JA

Successful single-lung transplantation after paraquat intoxication.

Transplantation. 1997;64(5):789-91

Lin JL, Wei MC, Liu YC

Pulse therapy with cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone in patients with moderate to severe paraquat poisoning: a preliminary report.

Thorax. 1996;51(7):661-3

Lheureux P, Leduc D, Vanbinst R, Askenasi R

Survival in a case of massive paraquat ingestion.

Chest. 1995;107(1):285-9

Matthew H, Logan A, Woodruff MF, Heard B

Paraquat poisoning--lung transplantation.

British medical journal. 1968;3(5621):759-63