The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

X.d

Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd)

Publications

Chang C, Gershwin ME

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: incidence, management and prevention.

Drug safety. 2011;34(5):357-74

Bahri DM, Khiari H, Essouri A, Laadhar L, Zaraa I, Mrabet A, Meddeb N, Sellami S

Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by interferon β1 therapy in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2012;26(2):210-1

Bonaci-Nikolic B, Jeremic I, Andrejevic S, Sefik-Bukilica M, Stojsavljevic N, Drulovic J

Anti-double stranded DNA and lupus syndrome induced by interferon-beta therapy in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Lupus. 2009;18(1):78-80

Niewold TB, Swedler WI

Systemic lupus erythematosus arising during interferon-alpha therapy for cryoglobulinemic vasculitis associated with hepatitis C.

Clinical rheumatology. 2005;24(2):178-81