The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IX.d

Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis)

Children may be a greater risk compared to adults as there may be no ceiling effect in the former (PMID 30740990)

Publications

von Fabeck K, Boulamery A, Glaizal M, de Haro L, Simon N

Buprenorphine poisoning in children: a 10-year-experience of Marseille Poison Center.

Fundamental & clinical pharmacology 2019 Nov 01;; — 2019 Nov 01

Lo Re M, Chaplin M, Aronow B, Modesto-Lowe V

Buprenorphine Overdose in Young Children: An Underappreciated Risk.

Clinical pediatrics 2019 Jun;58;613-617 — 2019 Jun — 613-617

Toce MS, Burns MM, O'Donnell KA

Clinical effects of unintentional pediatric buprenorphine exposures: experience at a single tertiary care center.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2017 Jan;55;12-17 — 2017 Jan — 12-17

Lee SC, Klein-Schwartz W, Doyon S, Welsh C

Comparison of toxicity associated with nonmedical use of benzodiazepines with buprenorphine or methadone.

Drug and alcohol dependence 2014 May 01;138;118-23 — 2014 May 01 — 118-23

Guo AY, Ma JD, Best BM, Atayee RS

Urine specimen detection of concurrent nonprescribed medicinal and illicit drug use in patients prescribed buprenorphine.

Journal of analytical toxicology 2013 Nov-Dec;37;636-41 — 2013 Nov-Dec — 636-41

Kim HK, Smiddy M, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS

Buprenorphine may not be as safe as you think: a pediatric fatality from unintentional exposure.

Pediatrics 2012 Dec;130;e1700-3 — 2012 Dec — e1700-3

Boom M, Niesters M, Sarton E, Aarts L, Smith TW, Dahan A

Non-analgesic effects of opioids: opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Current pharmaceutical design 2012;18;5994-6004 — 2012 — 5994-6004

Pedapati EV, Bateman ST

Toddlers requiring pediatric intensive care unit admission following at-home exposure to buprenorphine/naloxone.

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies 2011 Mar;12;e102-7 — 2011 Mar — e102-7

Ferrant O, Papin F, Clin B, Lacroix C, Saussereau E, Remoué JE, Goullé JP

Fatal poisoning due to snorting buprenorphine and alcohol consumption.

Forensic science international 2011 Jan 30;204;e8-11 — 2011 Jan 30 — e8-11

Yassen A, Olofsen E, van Dorp E, Sarton E, Teppema L, Danhof M, Dahan A

Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the reversal of buprenorphine-induced respiratory depression by naloxone : a study in healthy volunteers.

Clinical pharmacokinetics 2007;46;965-80 — 2007 — 965-80

Moro C, Taino R, Mandalà M, Labianca R

Buprenorphine-induced acute respiratory depression during ifosfamide-based chemotherapy.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology 2006 Sep;17;1466-7 — 2006 Sep — 1466-7