The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IV.a

Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma

Publications

Bennett M, Chang CL, Tatley M, Savage R, Hancox RJ

The safety of cardioselective β(1)-blockers in asthma: literature review and search of global pharmacovigilance safety reports.

ERJ open research. 2021;7(1)

Miki A, Tanaka Y, Ohtani H, Sawada Y

Betaxolol-induced deterioration of asthma and a pharmacodynamic analysis based on beta-receptor occupancy.

International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 2003;41(8):358-64

Dunn TL, Gerber MJ, Shen AS, Fernandez E, Iseman MD, Cherniack RM

The effect of topical ophthalmic instillation of timolol and betaxolol on lung function in asthmatic subjects.

The American review of respiratory disease. 1986;133(2):264-8

Lammers JW, Folgering HT, van Herwaarden CL

Respiratory tolerance of bisoprolol and metoprolol in asthmatic patients.

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology. 1986;8 Suppl 11:S69-73