The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IV.a

Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma

Publications

Diggory P, Heyworth P, Chau G, McKenzie S, Sharma A

Unsuspected bronchospasm in association with topical timolol--a common problem in elderly people: can we easily identify those affected and do cardioselective agents lead to improvement?

Age and ageing. 1994;23(1):17-21

Diggory P, Cassels-Brown A, Vail A, Abbey LM, Hillman JS

Avoiding unsuspected respiratory side-effects of topical timolol with cardioselective or sympathomimetic agents.

Lancet (London, England). 1995;345(8965):1604-6

Ostergaard Laursen S, Bjerrum P

Timolol eyedrop-induced severe bronchospasm.

Acta medica Scandinavica. 1982;211(6):505-6

Prince DS, Carliner NH

Respiratory arrest following first dose of timolol ophthalmic solution.

Chest. 1983;84(5):640-1

Confalonieri M, Aiolfi S, Patrini G, Scartabellati A, Ghio L, Mauri F, Della Porta R, Gandola L

[Severe bronchial spasm crises induced by topical administration of eyedrops with timolol base, a non-selective beta blocking agent].

Recenti progressi in medicina. 1991;82(7-8):402-4