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Diagnosing DIRD
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The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website
Philippe Camus, M.D.
Dijon, France
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Drugs
Patterns
Levamisole
4
XV.aw
Path: Skin vasculopathy/vasculitis/fibrin thrombi
4
Last update :
13/10/2012
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Identify causative drugs
Diagnosing DIRD
1
Drug and radiation history
2
Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug
3
Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms
4
Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug
5
Careful exlusion of another cause
6
Remission of symptoms with removal of drug
7
Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)
8
Causality assessment
More detailed checklist
See also under
Aminorex
Cocaine
Crack cocaine
Levamisole-adulterated/tainted cocaine
Publications
Cocaine and Levamisole Induced Vasculitis.
p-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Caused by Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine: A Case Report.
Levamisole in cocaine: unexpected news from an old acquaintance.
Cocaine induced vasculitis: have we found a culprit?
Levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a case series.
Levamisole-induced thrombosis: literature review and pertinent laboratory findings.