The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IX.s

Botulism (foodborne-, wound-)

Publications

MacDonald E, Arnesen TM, Brantsaeter AB, Gerlyng P, Grepp M, Hansen BÅ, Jonsrud K, Lundgren B, Mellegård H, Møller-Stray J, Rønning K, Vestrheim DF, Vold L

Outbreak of wound botulism in people who inject drugs, Norway, October to November 2013.

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. 2013;18(45):20630

Abavare L, Abavare C

Wound botulism resulting from heroin abuse: can you recognize it?

Journal of emergency nursing. 2012;38(3):301-3

Sam AH, Beynon HL

Images in clinical medicine: Wound botulism.

The New England journal of medicine. 2010;363(25):2444

Sandrock CE, Murin S

Clinical predictors of respiratory failure and long-term outcome in black tar heroin-associated wound botulism.

Chest. 2001;120(2):562-6

Mitchell PA, Pons PT

Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin and lower extremity cellulitis.

The Journal of emergency medicine. 2001;20(4):371-5

Passaro DJ, Werner SB, McGee J, Mac Kenzie WR, Vugia DJ

Wound botulism associated with black tar heroin among injecting drug users.

JAMA. 1998;279(11):859-63