The Drug-Induced Respiratory Disease Website and App

Frequency - Incidence

Incidence of respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as assessed by number of reported/published cases in the literature. Red digits in stars indicate: 0 = Very rare, questionable signal · 1 = < 10 cases · 2 = 10-50 cases · 3 = 50–100 cases · 4 = 100-200 cases · 5 = >200 cases

Evidence level/grade

Evidence level for respiratory adverse event(s) due to the specific drug as estimated using Hill’s (1965), Naranjo’s (1981), and Bégaud’s (1985) criteria applied to published cases. Blue digits in stars indicate: 0 = Questionable · 1 = Low · 2 = Moderate · 3 = Robust · 4 = Definite · 5 = Unquestionable, pathognomonic

IX.d

Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis)

Ventilatory depression from the drug may be greater in hyperoxic conditions (see PMID 23293275)

Publications

Niesters M, Mahajan RP, Aarts L, Dahan A

High-inspired oxygen concentration further impairs opioid-induced respiratory depression.

British journal of anaesthesia. 2013;110(5):837-41

Hayashi T, Buschmann C, Riesselmann B, Roscher S, Tsokos M

Circumstantial and toxicological features of deaths from self-administered intravenous anesthetic/narcotic agents.

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology. 2013;9(2):138-44

Pruefer C, Bewlay A

Respiratory arrest with remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia--another case.

Anaesthesia. 2012;67(9):1044-5

Bonner JC, McClymont W

Respiratory arrest in an obstetric patient using remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia.

Anaesthesia. 2012;67(5):538-540