I.a
Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS)
(Fr: PINS aiguë). Acute, generally bilateral and diffuse pneumonitis. More rapid in onset and/or denser, more extensive and severe than pattern Ib. Can be fulminate in the form of diffuse pulmonary interstitial or alveolar opacities and the ARDS picture (see under IIb). BAL is generally lymphocytic and is also indicated to rule out pneumonia due to Pneumocystis, BCG, viruses or other agents particularly in the immunodepressed. Pathology (lung biopsy is not necessary in the majority; before going for the biopsy, please look at PMID 25950989) may disclose dense NSIP, widespread granulomas, or OP depending both on patient and drug. In severe cases pulmonary edema, DAD and/or DAH may develop. Corticosteroid therapy is indicated if patients progress to acute respiratory failure, once an infection has been carefully and resonably ruled out. Transition to pulmonary fibrosis is very uncommon. The boundary between patterns Ia and Ib may be difficult to delineate. See also under IIb
Causative drugs
Abacavir
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If)
Abatacept
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs)
Abemaciclib
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib)
Abiraterone
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic X.r X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.r - Fluid retention XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.ai XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai - Cardiotoxicity
Adalimumab
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) I.z I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.z - An area or areas of consolidation II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.d III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.d - Alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse (ANCA-positive/-related) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma V.d V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.d - Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus) V.m V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.m - Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative) IX.j IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.j - Phrenic nerve injury - Hemi- or bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis X.b X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.b - Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.j X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.j - Myopathy-Myositis-Polymyositis (see also under Xba) X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XVI.k XVI - Imaging
XVI.k - Imaging: An area or areas of consolidation XVII.a XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.a - Respiratory tract infection incl. pneumonia XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections XVII.c XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.c - Aspergillosis, pulmonary (invasive, allergic [ABPA], or mycetoma) XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia XVII.f XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.f - Tuberculosis, miliary XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo XVII.z XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.z - Histoplamosis (reactivation) XVII.aa XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.aa - Coccidioidomycosis
Alemtuzumab
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) X.ac X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ac - Anti-GBM antibody disease (Goodpasture-like or flare of preexisting GS) X.an X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.an - Cytokine release syndrome - Cytokine storm XIII.b XIII - Neoplastic conditions
XIII.b - Lymphoproliferative disease (pulmonary, endobronchial, endothoracic) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia XVII.h XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.h - Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterial infection/superinfection
Alkylating agents
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.x I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.x - Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury V.p V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.p - Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) VI.c VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.c - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease XV.ak XV - Pathology
XV.ak - Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) XV.ap XV - Pathology
XV.ap - Path: Pleuroparenchymal fibrosis/fibroelastosis (PPFE)
Amiodarone
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) I.f I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.f - Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.h I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.h - Subclinical pulmonary infiltrates/ILD I.k I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.k - Lung nodule or nodules I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.s I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.s - A mass or masses I.u I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.u - Relapsing or migrating pneumonitis/pneumonia (see also Id) I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) I.z I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.z - An area or areas of consolidation I.aa I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.aa - Delayed ILD, -pneumonitis, -fibrosis I.ao I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ao - Pulmonary infiltrates I.at I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.at - Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity - Amiodarone lung I.ax I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ax - Chronic pneumonitis I.ay I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ay - Unilateral interstitial lung disease II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.l II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.l - Postoperative ARDS III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) IV.r IV - Airway involvement
IV.r - Airway pigmentation (black, bluish, petechial) V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) V.c V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.c - Pleural thickening V.d V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.d - Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus) V.t V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.t - The apical cap VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism VI.i VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.i - Acute pulmonary hypertension VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) IX.a IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.a - Diaphragm/inspiratory muscle weakness/paralysis (w/wo ARF) IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) IX.ai IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.ai - Acute respiratory failure (hypoxemia, acidosis) from myxedema (-coma) X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.q X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.q - Systemic inflammatory response XI.c XI - Miscellaneous
XI.c - Pleuritic chest pain XI.f XI - Miscellaneous
XI.f - Bluish, pseudocyanotic skin discoloration XI.bq XI - Miscellaneous
XI.bq - Platypnea-orthodeoxia XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.c XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.c - Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade) XII.e XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.e - Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP) XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension XII.p XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.p - QTc prolongation XII.t XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.t - Torsades de pointe XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina XII.au XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.au - Heart failure (thyrotoxicosis-, thyroid storm-mediated) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.g XV - Pathology
XV.g - Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern XV.i XV - Pathology
XV.i - Path: Pneumocyte atypia (reactive epithelial cells) (a.k.a. the "Napoleon Hat" sign) XV.j XV - Pathology
XV.j - Path: Pulmonary fibrosis (UIP-pattern) XV.k XV - Pathology
XV.k - Path: Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP-pattern) XV.m XV - Pathology
XV.m - Path: Lymphoid hyperplasia (including nodular- or a lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia pattern) XV.o XV - Pathology
XV.o - Path: Endogenous lipoid pneumonia (phospholipidosis) XV.r XV - Pathology
XV.r - Path: Smudged geographic necrosis XV.ao XV - Pathology
XV.ao - Path: Pleuritis, pleural fibrosis XV.bt XV - Pathology
XV.bt - Path: Histiocytic proliferation XVI.b XVI - Imaging
XVI.b - Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing XVI.i XVI - Imaging
XVI.i - Imaging: An area or areas of involvement with a recognizable anatomic distribution XVI.j XVI - Imaging
XVI.j - Imaging: Wandering (migratory) pulmonary opacities XVI.n XVI - Imaging
XVI.n - Imaging: Intralobular septal thickening - Crazy paving XVI.s XVI - Imaging
XVI.s - Imaging: An area or areas of involvement with high attenuation numbers or metallic density XVI.w XVI - Imaging
XVI.w - Imaging: Lung nodule or nodules XVI.aa XVI - Imaging
XVI.aa - Imaging: Nodules, mass or masses with a central area of low attenuation (see also under XVIaa) XVI.ab XVI - Imaging
XVI.ab - Imaging: Cavitating/cavitary lung nodule, mass or nodules (see also Iq, XIs, XIIi, XVIaa and XVIIp) XVI.ay XVI - Imaging
XVI.ay - Imaging: Asymmetrical, predominantly unilateral involvement XVI.az XVI - Imaging
XVI.az - Imaging: Solitary pulmonary nodule XVI.bj XVI - Imaging
XVI.bj - Imaging: Atelectasis (a combination of increased density and volume loss. Typically lobar) XVI.bq XVI - Imaging
XVI.bq - Imaging: A pattern consistent with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis XVI.bt XVI - Imaging
XVI.bt - Imaging: A subsolid lung nodule or nodules XVI.bx XVI - Imaging
XVI.bx - Imaging: Waxing and waning nodules XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia XVIII.b XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.b - Eye catcher: Electron-dense area or areas of consolidation on unenhanced chest CT XVIII.j XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.j - Eye-catcher: Avid lung uptake on 18F-PET-CT XVIII.k XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.k - Eye-catcher: An electron-dense liver on unenhanced CT XVIII.p XVIII - Distinctive patterns - 'Eye-catchers'
XVIII.p - Eye-catcher: An electron-dense ('white') thyroid XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils XIX.c XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.c - BAL: An excess proportion of eosinophils XIX.e XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.e - BAL: Stainable iron in macrophages XIX.f XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.f - BAL: Foamy macrophages XIX.m XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.m - BAL: A normal cell differential XIX.p XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.p - BAL: Lamellar bodies in AM on EM
Anagrelide
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XII.c XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.c - Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade) XII.f XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.f - Cardiomyopathy (acute, subacute, chronic) XII.l XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.l - Cardiac arrhythmias or dysrhythmias (AF, VT, VF, TdP) XII.ai XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai - Cardiotoxicity XVI.a XVI - Imaging
XVI.a - Imaging: Diffuse haze
Anticoagulants, direct oral (anti-thrombin, -IIa, -Xa) - NOAC
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis III.k III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.k - Epistaxis III.m III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.m - Coagulopathy V.e V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.e - Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion V.n V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.n - Hemopericardium - Bloody pericardial effusion VIII.b VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.b - Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO IX.x IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.x - Thoracic epidural or spinal hematoma X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction XVI.j XVI - Imaging
XVI.j - Imaging: Wandering (migratory) pulmonary opacities
Antiviral therapy/agents (direct-acting) against hepatitis C virus
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) XI.c XI - Miscellaneous
XI.c - Pleuritic chest pain XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XVI.b XVI - Imaging
XVI.b - Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing XVII.f XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.f - Tuberculosis, miliary XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils XIX.c XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.c - BAL: An excess proportion of eosinophils
Apalutamide
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
Apixaban
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) V.e V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.e - Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion V.n V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.n - Hemopericardium - Bloody pericardial effusion
Aspirin (Salicylate-ASA) - Aspirin containing drugs
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) III.c III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.c - Hemoptysis III.m III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.m - Coagulopathy IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) V.e V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.e - Hemothorax - Serosanguineous pleural effusion VII.b VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.b - Lymphadenopathy with reactive changes VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) VIII.y VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.y - Sinonasal discharge, -blockage, -obstruction X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.h X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.h - Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative) X.q X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.q - Systemic inflammatory response X.u X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.u - Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF) XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.d XI - Miscellaneous
XI.d - Metabolic acidosis (incl. lactic acidosis/-gap). May cause hyperpnea/dyspnea XI.as XI - Miscellaneous
XI.as - Pharmacobezoar XI.az XI - Miscellaneous
XI.az - Sneezing (may cause pulmonary barotrauma) XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension XII.s XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.s - Heart block (bundle branch- or AV-) XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.w XV - Pathology
XV.w - Path: Pulmonary edema (see also II/IIa)
Atezolizumab
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.k I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.k - Lung nodule or nodules V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) V.i V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.i - Pleuritis (can cause chest pain) VII.e VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.e - Granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) X.ae X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.ae - Antisynthetase antibodies (ASA) - ASA syndrome X.am X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.am - Immune-related adverse effect/toxicity XII.d XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.d - Myocarditis (can be fulminant) XII.ai XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.ai - Cardiotoxicity XV.ba XV - Pathology
XV.ba - Path: Granulomatous lymphadenopathy
Aurothiopropanosulfonate
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis IV.c IV - Airway involvement
IV.c - Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib)
Azacitidine
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury V.i V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.i - Pleuritis (can cause chest pain) V.m V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.m - Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative) XI.c XI - Miscellaneous
XI.c - Pleuritic chest pain XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id)
Azathioprine
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component I.q I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.q - Pulmonary nodulosis I.ah I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ah - Acute restrictive lung dysfunction II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) VIII.a VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.a - Angioedema (may cause UAO, asphyxia and death) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.o X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.o - Neutrophilic dermatosis (Pyoderma, Sweet syndrome) XII.h XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.h - Eosinophilic myocarditis XIII.b XIII - Neoplastic conditions
XIII.b - Lymphoproliferative disease (pulmonary, endobronchial, endothoracic) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.j XV - Pathology
XV.j - Path: Pulmonary fibrosis (UIP-pattern) XV.bq XV - Pathology
XV.bq - Path: Lymphoproliferative disease, endothoracic XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia XVII.h XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.h - Nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacterial infection/superinfection XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes
BCG therapy (topical instillations in the urinary bladder)
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.m I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.m - ILD with a granulomatous component II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) VII.a VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.a - Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic) VII.e VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.e - Granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma IX.r IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.r - Myasthenia gravis - Myasthenic-like syndrome IX.ab IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.ab - Guillain-Barré (or GB-like) syndrome (w/wo ARF) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.l X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.l - Systemic granulomatosis other than Xk X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative) X.u X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.u - Multiple organ dysfunction/failure (MODS/MOF) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.ba XV - Pathology
XV.ba - Path: Granulomatous lymphadenopathy XV.cg XV - Pathology
XV.cg - Path: Granulomatous hepatitis XVI.u XVI - Imaging
XVI.u - Imaging: A miliary pattern (diffuse random micronodules) XVI.ai XVI - Imaging
XVI.ai - Imaging: A 'tree-in-bud' pattern XVII.f XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.f - Tuberculosis, miliary XVII.i XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.i - Mycobacterium bovis/BCG infection
Belatacept
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury XVII.e XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.e - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia XVII.m XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.m - Fungal airway infection
Beta-blockers
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.u I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.u - Relapsing or migrating pneumonitis/pneumonia (see also Id) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.f IV - Airway involvement
IV.f - Severe or catastrophic bronchospasm or asthma attack (can be fatal) IV.ab IV - Airway involvement
IV.ab - Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting COPD IV.ac IV - Airway involvement
IV.ac - Exacerbation or deterioration of preexisting asthma V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (can accompany DI-LDs) V.c V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.c - Pleural thickening V.d V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.d - Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus) VI.w VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.w - Worsening of preexisting PHTn IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.y X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.y - Subclinical ANA positivity XI.r XI - Miscellaneous
XI.r - Death following exposure or poisoning XI.af XI - Miscellaneous
XI.af - Refractoriness to epineprine in case of anaphylaxis XII.m XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.m - Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension XII.af XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.af - Coronary vasospasm - Vasospastic angina