Pneumotox » Drug » Waterpipe (narghile, shisha) smoking » XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo

Waterpipe (narghile, shisha) smoking

Pulmonary. Via contamination of device and tubings

Last update : 21/10/2018

Diagnosing DIRD

Drug and radiation history

Drug singularity - Correct identification of the drug

Consistent timing of exposure v. onset of symptoms

Clinical, imaging, BAL, pathological pattern consistent with the specific drug

Careful exlusion of another cause

Remission of symptoms with removal of drug

Recurrence with rechallenge (rarely advisable)

Causality assessment