II.a
Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE)
(Fr: OAP non cardiogénique). A.k.a. permeability edema. Typically acute and florid. Less often subaute/benign. PE is common following drug overdose, especially when given I.V.. May accompany anaphylactic shock (PMID 29086053). May cause the ARDS picture. Drug-induced pulmonary edema cases generally have an acute or sudden onset, and are noncardiac (normal heart US and wedge pressure when measured) (NCPE). Transient fleeting pulmonary infiltrates were often reported as 'acute allergic pulmonary edema'. Hyperacute PE cases are sometimes called 'flash pulmonary edema' (see under IIi). Severe NCPE cases may exhibit the characteristic of ARDS (PMID 3532567, 15062601, 7555128, 1914570). The diagnosis of NCPE is raised when timing of the reaction is shortly (seconds to minutes) following administration of the causal drug or agent. NCPE is also a feature of anaphylaxis episodes (PMID 24376328). Patients with pulmonary hypertension are prone to the development of vasoldilator-induced NCPE (see under NO and other pulmonary vasodilator drugs). NCPE will generally relapse if the patient is reexposed to the drug. Note: overzealous administration of i.v. fluids or blood to a patient whose cardiocirculatory system cannot accomodate it may cause overload (hydrostatic) pulmonary edema (IIh) or TACO
Causative drugs
Methylene blue
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XI.d XI - Miscellaneous
XI.d - Metabolic acidosis (incl. lactic acidosis/-gap). May cause hyperpnea/dyspnea XI.f XI - Miscellaneous
XI.f - Bluish, pseudocyanotic skin discoloration XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia
Midostaurin
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (May commpany ILDs) VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension XIX.a XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.a - BAL: An excess proportion of lymphocytes XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils
Minocycline
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) I.k I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.k - Lung nodule or nodules I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.aj I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.aj - Shrinking lung syndrome II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury IV.d IV - Airway involvement
IV.d - Cough (lone) V.d V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.d - Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus) V.m V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.m - Pleuropericarditis - Pleuropericardial effusion (ANA unknown or negative) VII.a VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.a - Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic) X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.b X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.b - Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.g X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.g - Hypersensitivity reaction (may manifest with fever and/or skin, throat or airway involvement) X.m X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.m - Vascultis (pulmonary, extrathoracic or systemic)-ANCA status unknown or negative) X.o X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.o - Neutrophilic dermatosis (Pyoderma, Sweet syndrome) X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive X.v X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.v - Systemic eosinophilic syndrome w/wo vasculitis (see also Xa) X.aj X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.aj - Polyarteritis nodosa-like condition XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.c XI - Miscellaneous
XI.c - Pleuritic chest pain XII.c XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.c - Pericardial effusion (w/wo tamponade) XII.d XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.d - Myocarditis (can be fulminant) XII.as XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.as - Giant cell myocarditis XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.d XV - Pathology
XV.d - Path: Acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP-pattern) (see also If) XV.ac XV - Pathology
XV.ac - Path: Pulmonary vasculitis other than capillaritis XV.ad XV - Pathology
XV.ad - Path: Eosinophilic vasculitis XV.af XV - Pathology
XV.af - Path: Granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis XV.cj XV - Pathology
XV.cj - Path: Brownish macrophages in airspaces (airways - alveoli) XVI.e XVI - Imaging
XVI.e - Imaging: Pulmonary opacities with a subpleural distribution XIX.b XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.b - BAL: An excess proportion of neutrophils XIX.c XIX - Cytological, biochemical features of/in BAL, pleural fluid or FNA
XIX.c - BAL: An excess proportion of eosinophils
Mitomycin C
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.h I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.h - Subclinical pulmonary infiltrates/ILD I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.v I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.v - Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence I.w I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.w - Rapidly progressive ILD/pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich syndrome) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.c II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.c - ARDS and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) VI.b VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.b - Pulmonary arterial hypertension VI.c VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.c - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease VI.f VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.f - Hemolytic and uremic syndrome (HUS). See also under Xaf VI.p VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.p - Angiomatoid pulmonary vasculopathy VIII.c VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.c - Upper airway obstruction other than angioedema or hematoma X.k X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.k - Sarcoid-like granulomatosis (endo-/extrathoracic) XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.i XV - Pathology
XV.i - Path: Pneumocyte atypia (reactive epithelial cells) (a.k.a. the "Napoleon Hat" sign) XV.ak XV - Pathology
XV.ak - Path: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD)
Morphine
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma VI.a VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.a - Pulmonary embolism - Venous thrombosis/thromboembolism VIII.e VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.e - Laryngospasm (a.k.a. laryngismus) IX.c IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.c - Chest wall muscle rigidity - Stiff/wooden chest IX.d IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.d - Respiratory failure from ventilatory depression (due to neuromuscular blockade/paralysis) IX.i IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.i - Respiratory arrest - Apnea IX.p IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.p - Disordered breathing during sleep - Sleep apnea XII.a XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.a - Left or biventricular dysfunction/failure XII.e XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.e - Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy XV.g XV - Pathology
XV.g - Path: Alveolar hemorrhage (see also IIIa) XV.w XV - Pathology
XV.w - Path: Pulmonary edema (see also II/IIa)
Muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, orthoclone)
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.d II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.d - Pulmonary edema, cardiogenic II.i II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.i - Flash (fulminate) pulmonary edema IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma X.c X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.c - Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XII.m XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.m - Cardiac- cardiorespiratory/pulmonary arrest XVII.b XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.b - Opportunistic pulmonary/systemic infections XVII.g XVII - Infections & related conditions
XVII.g - Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pulmonary, extrapulmonary or disseminated). Reactivation or de novo
Naloxone
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.g II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.g - Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) II.u II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.u - Acute respiratory failure (e.g. from ARDS, ILD, PIE, OP, pulmonary edema or bronchospasm) requiring ECMO
Naproxen
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia
Nifedipine
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.ab XI - Miscellaneous
XI.ab - Gingival hypertrophy XII.n XII - Cardiovascular involvement / toxicity
XII.n - Cardiovascular collapse - Cardiogenic shock - Hypotension XVI.d XVI - Imaging
XVI.d - Imaging: Alveolar opacities or haze with a batwing or butterfly distribution
Nimesulide
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.c IV - Airway involvement
IV.c - Obliterative bronchiolitis (a pattern consistent with) (see also IVn, XVx) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal)
Nitric oxide (NO)
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.f II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.f - Hypoxemia, low oxygen saturation (may occur in isolation) VI.q VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.q - Rebound pulmonary arterial hypertension XIV.a XIV - Hemoglobinopathies - Abnormal hemoglobin states (acquired)
XIV.a - Methemoglobinemia
Nitrofurantoin
I.a - Pneumonitis (ILD), acute and/or severe (may cause ARDS) I.b I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.b - Pneumonitis (ILD) I.c I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.c - Eosinophilic pneumonia (pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia) I.d I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.d - Organizing pneumonia pattern (an area or areas of consolidation on imaging) I.e I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.e - Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) I.g I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.g - Pulmonary fibrosis I.l I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.l - Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (see alsoo under IIb and XVf) I.r I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.r - An imaging pattern consistent with DIP I.v I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.v - Abnormal lung function/pulmonary physiology (PFTs) without necessarily imaging or clinical evidence I.ax I - Interstitial/parenchymal lung disease
I.ax - Chronic pneumonitis II.a II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.a - Pulmonary edema, noncardiogenic (NCPE) II.b II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.b - ARDS - Acute lung injury II.j II - Pulmonary edema - Acute lung injury - ARDS
II.j - Transient pulmonary opacities/infiltrates (see also under Iav) III.a III - Pulmonary/alveolar./airway hemorrhage/bleeding
III.a - Alveolar hemorrhage (AH), diffuse AH (DAH) IV.a IV - Airway involvement
IV.a - Bronchospasm - Wheezing - Asthma IV.ae IV - Airway involvement
IV.ae - Tracheobronchitis-like clinical pattern V.a V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.a - Pleural effusion (uni- or bilateral) (May commpany ILDs) V.b V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.b - Eosinophilic pleural effusion V.d V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.d - Pleural/pericardial effusion, ANA positive (DI lupus) V.i V - Pleural and/or pericardial involvement
V.i - Pleuritis (can cause chest pain) VI.d VI - Pulmonary vasculopathies
VI.d - Pulmonary vasculitis or capillaritis VII.a VII - Mediastinal involvement
VII.a - Lymphadenopathy (intrathoracic) VIII.b VIII - Central-large-upper airway (incl. pharyngeal-nasal) involvement
VIII.b - Hematoma of/around central airway wall potentially causing UAO IX.i IX - Neuromuscular / CNS involvement - Disordered breathing during sleep
IX.i - Respiratory arrest - Apnea X.a X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.a - DRES syndrome - DRESS-like reaction X.d X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.d - Lupus - Lupus syndrome (see also Vd) X.e X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.e - Autoimmunity-Autoimmune conditions (+ANA, +anti-ds-DNA, +ANCAs, other auto-Abs) X.f X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.f - Anaphylaxis-Anaphylactoid reaction (can be fatal) X.s X - Systemic/Distant conditions, syndromes and reactions
X.s - Vasculitis, pulmonary (w/wo AH), extrapulmonary, systemic: ANCA-positive XI.b XI - Miscellaneous
XI.b - Chest pain (acute or subacute), lone or prominent XI.c XI - Miscellaneous
XI.c - Pleuritic chest pain XV.a XV - Pathology
XV.a - Path: NSIP-cellular pattern (see also Ia, Ib) XV.b XV - Pathology
XV.b - Path: Eosinophilic pneumonia (subacute or acute) (see also Ic) XV.c XV - Pathology
XV.c - Path: Organizing pneumonia (OP/BOOP) pattern (see also Id) XV.e XV - Pathology
XV.e - Path: ILD with a granulomatous component (see also Im) XV.f XV - Pathology
XV.f - Path: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD-pattern) (see also IL) XV.h XV - Pathology
XV.h - Path: NSIP-fibrotic pattern XV.j XV - Pathology
XV.j - Path: Pulmonary fibrosis (UIP-pattern) XV.k XV - Pathology
XV.k - Path: Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP-pattern) XV.x XV - Pathology
XV.x - Path: Acute/subacute bronchiolitis (see also IVc, IVi) XV.ac XV - Pathology
XV.ac - Path: Pulmonary vasculitis other than capillaritis XV.af XV - Pathology
XV.af - Path: Granulomatous pulmonary vasculitis XV.bi XV - Pathology
XV.bi - Path: Giant-cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP)-pattern XV.bl XV - Pathology
XV.bl - Path: Resolving alveolar damage XVI.b XVI - Imaging
XVI.b - Imaging: Ground-glass opacities (GGO) / shadowing XVI.f XVI - Imaging
XVI.f - Imaging: Bibasilar opacities/shadowing XVI.l XVI - Imaging
XVI.l - Imaging: Peribronchovascular areas of consolidation XVI.bc XVI - Imaging
XVI.bc - Imaging: Intrathoracic lymph node enlargement XVI.bp XVI - Imaging
XVI.bp - Imaging: Reverse ventilation-perfusion mismatch